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Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (BAMU), formerly Marathwada University, is located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Republic of India. It is named after Bharat Ratna "Babasaheb" Ambedkar, an Indian jurist, political leader, academic and the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. This university was established primarily on the initiative of Babasaheb Ambedkar so as to fill the huge lacuna of higher education facilities in western Vidarbh, Marathwada and North maharashtra region.The university was established on August 23, 1958.

This university has contributed to the progress of adjoining regions and people in innumerable ways.Since its inception, the university has around 428 colleges affiliated to it, which come under four districts (Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed and Osmanabad) of Maharashtra State. The student population exceeds 4,44,336.

In the first quarter of 18th Century, Marathwada became a part of Nizams Domain. To reward the long and distinguished career in war and politics, Aurangzeb appointed his general, Asif Jah as subhedar of Deccan in 1713 with the title of Nizam-Ul-Mulk, which became the hereditary little of the family. It remained a part of the Nizam Domain until 1948 when police action merged the Hyderabad State into the Indian Union. Marathwada is a division of the Maharashtra state in India.The Aurangabad is Division popularly known as Marathwada. It was basically founded as a military. Later on it was developed as a big trading town and a lending cultural center of the Deccan. Aurangabad is an ancient city with great historical tradition. It was a part of Nizams territory. After the police action in 1948, Aurangabad came under the jurisdiction of the Government of India and after the reorganization of the state in 1956, Marathwada became a part of bilingual state of Bombay and from 1st May 1960, Marathwada has been a part of the state of Maharashtra.

Marathwada can well be described as the home of Arts, Culture and Literature. The Caves of Ajanta and Ellora, which lie in this region, attract scholars, artist, Students and visitors from distant parts of the world. Marathwada region has a rich literary and cultural heritage. The well-known poets, writers, saints and philosophers of Maharashtra belong to this region. Dnyaneshwar, Namdeo, Ekanath, Dasopant and Ramdas are notable names. They have been responsible for the epithet cradle of Marathi Literature, applied to this region. SIRAJ a great poet of early Urdu Literature and WALI known as father of Modern Urdu Poetry were born here and lived here in the city of Aurangabad. A year before the establishment of the Marathwada University for the population of approximately 53 lakhs in 1957, there were around 3686 primary schools, 231 middle schools and 95 high schools in Marathwada. There wear one polytechnic and one technical school at Aurangabad until 1950 there was one intermediate college run by the Osmania University at Aurangabad. Two non-government college were started one at Aurangabad and one at Nanded in 1950. Five more colleges came into existence between 1954 and 1956, three established by the government namely, a college of Education and a college of Medicine at Aurangabad, and a college of agriculture at Parbhani and a college of Science at Mominabad. The number of students passing the H.S.C. examination had increased from 1,065 in 1957-58.

For a long period Marathwada was educationally neglected. There were only nine intermediate colleges and ninety-five high schools for a total population of 5,300,000 in Marathwada region before 1st November 1958. Moreover all the college were affiliated to the Osmania University, Hyderabad. The student of Aurangabad (Marathwada) had to go to the Osmania University of Hyderabad for further studies. There were no facilities for post graduate and research students. It was difficult for a student of average means from the district to avail of the educational facilities in Hyderabad.Hence there was a demand from the people of Marathwada region for having an independent University in Marathwada Region. After merging of the Marathi speaking areas of Hyderabad in the old state of Bombay, the people of Marathwada felt free to give expression to their aspiration, and began to voice their demand for the establishment of University for the region. Educational and other associations urged the need for a separate University for Marathwada for the educational, cultural and general development of the region.

In the Osmania University, the medium of instruction was Urdu as it was established in the Nizam State. After political change in 1947, i.e.the independence of India the regional language was adopted as medium of Secondary Level Education. Therefore, It was necessary to teach the higher education in regional language Because of this problem people from Marathwada region demanded a new University for the educational as well as Socio Economical development.

On 12th December 1954 a meeting was organized by Marathwada Shikshan Samiti in which emphasis was given on separate University for the purpose of cultural and Educational activities. Two Convention of members of Parliament and of the State Legislature in 1955-1956 strongly represented the need for a University on 29th July 1956 A delegation of members of Parliament and of the State Legislature and educationists in Marathwada submitted memorandum to the Chief Minister of Hyderabad State Making a similar demand, the Government of Hyderabad appointed a committee. The committee submitted its report and on 27th October 1956 the Council of Ministers recorded its view that it was strongly of the opinion that a separate University for Marathwada area should be established. Shri Y.B. Chavan who was Chief Minister of Bombay then toured Marathwada in January 1957. Wherever he went he received representations from the local bodies, students and citizens, pressing the demand for a University for Marathwada.